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A constant function is a function whose range consists of a single element. That is, the output value of the function at any input value in its domain is the same, independent of the input. The mathematical formula for a constant function is just  , where  is a number (which does not depend on  ). The graph of a constant function is a horizontal line, that is, a line with slope 0.
Note: it is not necessary for the (single) value of the function, the " " in the discussion above, to be literally a number, such as 3 or 0 or  . All that matters is that the output, whatever it is, it does not depend on the input variable,  . For example, the function  is a constant function with respect to its input variable, x.
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