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Physics[Dagger] - compute the Hermitian conjugate or Adjoint of a given mathematical object
Calling Sequence
Dagger(A)
Parameters
A
-
any mathematical expression
Description
The Dagger command returns the Hermitian conjugate, also called adjoint, of its argument, so, for example, if A is a square matrix, then Dagger(A) computes the complex conjugate of the transpose of .
The %Dagger command is the inert form of Dagger; that is, it represents the same mathematical operation while displaying the operation unevaluated. To evaluate the operation, use the value command.
The result returned by Dagger is built as follows:
- If is Hermitian, then return .
- If is already the Dagger of , then return .
- If is a (commutative) constant or a Bracket, then return the conjugate of
- If is a Bra or a Ket, then return the dual; that is, the corresponding Ket or Bra, respectively.
- If is an Annihilation or a Creation operator, then return the corresponding Creation or Annihilation, respectively.
- If is a Matrix, then return the conjugate of the transpose of .
- If is a sum of terms, then return the sum of the Dagger of each term.
- If is a (noncommutative) product, then return the product of the Dagger of each factor, after reversing their order in the product.
- If is linear operator such as diff, d_, or dAlembertian, then return the linear operator applied to the Dagger of the first operand of .
- If is an object of the Physics package, such as Inverse, Trace, Dgamma, or KroneckerDelta, then return according to the properties of this object.
- Otherwise, return the operation unevaluated, Dagger(A).
Examples
You can also use the inert form of Dagger by prefixing the command's name with %.
For Annihilation and Creation operators, Dagger return the dual, respectively.
Set the representation for Dirac matrices to be the standard one.
For sums and products, Dagger maps itself over the operands, reversing the order of the arguments in the case of noncommutative products or scalar products. First set a prefix to identify noncommutative symbols.
Thus, the Dagger of an AntiCommutator of Hermitian operators is equal to itself (however, the product of two Hermitian operators is Hermitian only if they commute).
In the generic, non-Hermitian case:
For linear operators, differential and others, Dagger is applied to the first operand.
See Also
Annihilation, AntiCommutator, Bra, Bracket, Commutator, Creation, d_, dAlembertian, g_, Ket, Physics, Physics conventions, Physics examples, Setup, value
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