Let
and
be the relative errors in the argument and result respectively.
If
is considerably greater than the machine precision (i.e., if
is due to data errors etc.), then
and
are approximately related by:
The following graph shows the behaviour of the error amplification factor
:
However if
is of the same order as machine precision, then rounding errors could make
somewhat larger than the above relation indicates. In fact
will be largely independent of
or
, but will be of the order of a few times the machine precision.