The Covariance function computes the covariance of two data sets. The CovarianceMatrix function computes the covariance matrix of multiple data sets.

The first parameter can be a data set (represented as an Array), a distribution (see Statistics[Distribution]), a random variable, or an algebraic expression involving random variables (see Statistics[RandomVariable]).

By default, all computations involving random variables are performed symbolically (see option numeric below).

All computations involving data are performed in floating-point; therefore, all data provided must have type realcons and all returned solutions are floating-point, even if the problem is specified with exact values.

For more information about computation in the Statistics package, see the Statistics[Computation] help page.

The options argument can contain one or more of the options shown below. More information for some options is available in the Statistics[DescriptiveStatistics] help page.

ignore=truefalse -- This option controls how missing data is handled by the Covariance command. Missing items are represented by undefined or Float(undefined). So, if ignore=false and A contains missing data, the Covariance command will return undefined. If ignore=true all missing items in A will be ignored. The default value is false.

weights=Vector -- Data weights. The number of elements in the weights array must be equal to the number of elements in the original data sample. By default all elements in A are assigned weight .

Stuart, Alan, and Ord, Keith. Kendall's Advanced Theory of Statistics. 6th ed. London: Edward Arnold, 1998. Vol. 1: Distribution Theory.