KillingForm - Maple Help

KillingForm

calculate the Killing form of a LAVF object.

 Calling Sequence KillingForm( obj)

Parameters

 obj - a LAVF object that is a Lie algebra i.e. IsLieAlgebra(obj) returns true, see IsLieAlgebra.

Description

 • Let L be a LAVF object which is a Lie algebra. Then KillingForm method returns the Killing form of L, as a KF Maple object.
 • The returned KF object is for representing the Killing form. A valid KF object can act as a symmetric bilinear operator (form) and has access to some methods. See Overview of the KF object for more detail.
 • This method is associated with the LAVF object. For more detail, see Overview of the LAVF object.

Examples

 > $\mathrm{with}\left(\mathrm{LieAlgebrasOfVectorFields}\right):$
 > $\mathrm{Typesetting}:-\mathrm{Settings}\left(\mathrm{userep}=\mathrm{true}\right):$
 > $\mathrm{Typesetting}:-\mathrm{Suppress}\left(\left[\mathrm{\xi }\left(x,y\right),\mathrm{\eta }\left(x,y\right)\right]\right):$
 > $V≔\mathrm{VectorField}\left(\mathrm{\xi }\left(x,y\right)\mathrm{D}\left[x\right]+\mathrm{\eta }\left(x,y\right)\mathrm{D}\left[y\right],\mathrm{space}=\left[x,y\right]\right)$
 ${V}{≔}{\mathrm{\xi }}{}\frac{{\partial }}{{\partial }{x}}\phantom{\rule[-0.0ex]{0.4em}{0.0ex}}{+}{\mathrm{\eta }}{}\frac{{\partial }}{{\partial }{y}}\phantom{\rule[-0.0ex]{0.4em}{0.0ex}}$ (1)
 > $\mathrm{E2}≔\mathrm{LHPDE}\left(\left[\mathrm{diff}\left(\mathrm{\xi }\left(x,y\right),y,y\right)=0,\mathrm{diff}\left(\mathrm{\eta }\left(x,y\right),x\right)=-\mathrm{diff}\left(\mathrm{\xi }\left(x,y\right),y\right),\mathrm{diff}\left(\mathrm{\eta }\left(x,y\right),y\right)=0,\mathrm{diff}\left(\mathrm{\xi }\left(x,y\right),x\right)=0\right],\mathrm{indep}=\left[x,y\right],\mathrm{dep}=\left[\mathrm{\xi },\mathrm{\eta }\right]\right)$
 ${\mathrm{E2}}{≔}\left[{{\mathrm{\xi }}}_{{y}{,}{y}}{=}{0}{,}{{\mathrm{\eta }}}_{{x}}{=}{-}{{\mathrm{\xi }}}_{{y}}{,}{{\mathrm{\eta }}}_{{y}}{=}{0}{,}{{\mathrm{\xi }}}_{{x}}{=}{0}\right]{,}{\mathrm{indep}}{=}\left[{x}{,}{y}\right]{,}{\mathrm{dep}}{=}\left[{\mathrm{\xi }}{,}{\mathrm{\eta }}\right]$ (2)

Construct a LAVF for the Euclidean Lie algebra E(2).

 > $L≔\mathrm{LAVF}\left(V,\mathrm{E2}\right)$
 ${L}{≔}\left[{\mathrm{\xi }}{}\frac{{\partial }}{{\partial }{x}}\phantom{\rule[-0.0ex]{0.4em}{0.0ex}}{+}{\mathrm{\eta }}{}\frac{{\partial }}{{\partial }{y}}\phantom{\rule[-0.0ex]{0.4em}{0.0ex}}\right]\phantom{\rule[-0.0ex]{0.3em}{0.0ex}}{&where}\phantom{\rule[-0.0ex]{0.3em}{0.0ex}}\left\{\left[{{\mathrm{\xi }}}_{{y}{,}{y}}{=}{0}{,}{{\mathrm{\xi }}}_{{x}}{=}{0}{,}{{\mathrm{\eta }}}_{{x}}{=}{-}{{\mathrm{\xi }}}_{{y}}{,}{{\mathrm{\eta }}}_{{y}}{=}{0}\right]\right\}$ (3)
 > $\mathrm{IsLieAlgebra}\left(L\right)$
 ${\mathrm{true}}$ (4)
 > $K≔\mathrm{KillingForm}\left(L\right)$
 ${K}{≔}\left({X}{,}{Y}\right){→}{-}{2}{}\left(\frac{{\partial }}{{\partial }{y}}{}{X}{}\left({x}\right)\right){}\left(\frac{{\partial }}{{\partial }{y}}{}{Y}{}\left({x}\right)\right)$ (5)

To exercise the Killing form K, we introduce the following two vector fields on the same space as L

 > $X≔\mathrm{VectorField}\left(\mathrm{\xi }\left(x,y\right)\mathrm{D}\left[x\right]+\mathrm{\eta }\left(x,y\right)\mathrm{D}\left[y\right],\mathrm{space}=\left[x,y\right]\right)$
 ${X}{≔}{\mathrm{\xi }}{}\frac{{\partial }}{{\partial }{x}}\phantom{\rule[-0.0ex]{0.4em}{0.0ex}}{+}{\mathrm{\eta }}{}\frac{{\partial }}{{\partial }{y}}\phantom{\rule[-0.0ex]{0.4em}{0.0ex}}$ (6)
 > $Y≔\mathrm{VectorField}\left(\mathrm{\alpha }\left(x,y\right)\mathrm{D}\left[x\right]+\mathrm{\beta }\left(x,y\right)\mathrm{D}\left[y\right],\mathrm{space}=\left[x,y\right]\right)$
 ${Y}{≔}{\mathrm{\alpha }}{}\left({x}{,}{y}\right){}\frac{{\partial }}{{\partial }{x}}\phantom{\rule[-0.0ex]{0.4em}{0.0ex}}{+}{\mathrm{\beta }}{}\left({x}{,}{y}\right){}\frac{{\partial }}{{\partial }{y}}\phantom{\rule[-0.0ex]{0.4em}{0.0ex}}$ (7)

...and evaluate the Killing form...

 > $K\left(X,Y\right)$
 ${-}{2}{}\left({{\mathrm{\xi }}}_{{y}}\right){}\left(\frac{{\partial }}{{\partial }{y}}\phantom{\rule[-0.0ex]{0.4em}{0.0ex}}{\mathrm{\alpha }}{}\left({x}{,}{y}\right)\right)$ (8)

Compatibility

 • The KillingForm command was introduced in Maple 2020.
 • For more information on Maple 2020 changes, see Updates in Maple 2020.