Chapter 2: Differentiation
Section 2.5: Implicit Differentiation
Example 2.5.2
Obtain the derivative of y+x from x2+y2=9, the implicit representation of the circle.
Solution
Direct solution via the Context Panel
Control-drag the equation of the circle.
Context Panel: Differentiate≻Implicitly (See explanation in next cell, below.)
x2+y2=9→implicit differentiation−xy
After selecting "Implicitly" in the Context Panel, the dialog box shown in Figure 2.5.2(a) opens. Select y as the dependent variable. "Differentiate with respect to" x.
The result of the calculation matches the outcome found in Example 2.5.1, provided the letter y in the implicit derivative is replaced by 9−x2, the explicit expression for y+x.
Note that −x/y represents the derivative y+ and y−; simply replace y with y±x, as appropriate.
Figure 2.5.2(a) Dialog box for implicit derivative
Solution by task template
Tools≻Tasks≻Browse:
Calculus - Differential≻Derivatives≻Implicit Differentiation≻fx,y=gx,y
Implicit Differentiation
Enter an equation in two variables:
Dependent variable: Independent variable:
Implicit Derivative:
Stepwise Calculation
Make dependent variable explicit:
Differentiate with respect to independent variable:
Isolate Derivative:
Make independent variable implicit:
After entering the problem details, the Execute button returns the same derivative as the Context Panel.
The Stepwise Calculation illustrates the four basic steps of implicit differentiation. First, each letter y is replaced by yx; then, the expression is differentiated with respect to x. The term yx2 is differentiated with the Chain rule.
Clicking the Stepwise button launches the tutor with the differentiation problem
ddxx2+yx2−9
embedded. The details of the differentiation can be explored via this tutor. Table 2.5.1(a) lists and annotates the steps as per the tutor.
ⅆⅆxx2+y⁡x2−9
=ⅆⅆxx2+ⅆⅆxy⁡x2+ⅆⅆx-9
[Sum]
=ⅆⅆxx2+ⅆⅆxy⁡x2
[Constant]
=2⁢x+ⅆⅆxy⁡x2
[Power]
=2⁢x+ⅆⅆ_X_X2|_X=y⁡x⁢ⅆⅆxy⁡x
[Chain]
=2 x+2⁢y⁡x⁢ⅆⅆxy⁡x
Table 2.5.2(a) Annotated stepwise derivative as per the tutor
In the third step, the derivative y′x is isolated.
In the final step, yx is restored to the letter y.
Interactively implemented stepwise solution
Control-drag (or type) the equation of the circle.
Context Panel: Evaluate at a Point≻y=yx
Context Panel: Differentiate≻With Respect To≻x
Context Panel: Solve≻Isolate Expression for≻diffyx,x
x2+y2=9
→evaluate at point
x2+y⁡x2=9
→differentiate w.r.t. x
2⁢x+2⁢y⁡x⁢ⅆⅆx⁢y⁡x=0
→isolate for diff(y(x),x)
ⅆⅆx⁢y⁡x=−xy⁡x
Solution via the implicitdiff command
implicitdiffx2+y2=9,y,x = −xy
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